What had to be solved
Treat a high-water-cut shale-oil stream to export specification in a compact process.
A compact pulse-electrostatic treatment application at a national shale-oil demonstration station.

Treat a high-water-cut shale-oil stream to export specification in a compact process.
Apply an all-gravity-balanced pulse separation train adapted to changing produced-fluid properties.
The cited 1,500 m³/d case reduced incoming water content from 93.7% to below 0.5% at outlet.